Thinknews
Mar 22, 2026

Missouri Supreme Court Upholds Legislature’s Redistricting Authority, Keeps Voter ID Law

The Missouri Supreme Court on Tuesday upheld a Republican-backed congressional map that could reshape the state’s political landscape ahead of the 2026 midterms, delivering a key legal victory for GOP lawmakers while leaving several challenges unresolved.

In a closely divided 4–3 decision, the court rejected arguments that the Missouri Constitution limits redistricting to once per decade following the U.S. census. Instead, the majority held that while the constitution requires lawmakers to redraw districts after each census, it does not prohibit them from doing so more frequently.

“The obligation to legislate congressional districts once a decade does not limit the General Assembly’s power to redistrict more frequently than once a decade,” the court wrote. “Simply put, ‘when’ does not mean ‘only when.’

The ruling affirms a 2025 law, known as HB1, passed by Missouri’s Republican-controlled legislature and signed by the state’s GOP governor. The measure redraws congressional lines mid-decade in a way designed to give Republicans an advantage in at least one additional district.

Missouri lawmakers had previously adopted a 6–2 congressional map following the 2020 census, preserving two Democratic-held seats centered in St. Louis and Kansas City. But under the new map, the Kansas City-based 5th Congressional District—currently represented by Democratic Rep. Emanuel Cleaver—would be split, creating a more favorable landscape for Republicans and effectively shifting the delegation toward a 7–1 GOP advantage.

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